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Biology 30 · Worksheets

Nervous and endocrine · Set B

Ten questions of mixed difficulty, covering Nervous and endocrine. Print it, or work through it on screen — the answer key starts on its own page.

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Nervous and endocrine · Set B

Biology 30 · maddyhelps.com

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  1. When an impulse reaches the end of an axon, what happens at the synapse?

    1. a) The axon physically touches the next dendrite
    2. b) Insulin is released into the bloodstream
    3. c) Sodium ions jump across to the next neuron
    4. d) Neurotransmitter such as acetylcholine is released into the gap

  2. The "fight or flight" response is controlled by the:

    1. a) parasympathetic nervous system
    2. b) cerebellum
    3. c) sympathetic nervous system
    4. d) somatic nervous system

  3. Which part of the brain coordinates balance and muscle movement?

    1. a) hypothalamus
    2. b) medulla oblongata
    3. c) cerebellum
    4. d) cerebrum

  4. In a reflex arc, which neuron connects the sensory neuron to the motor neuron in the spinal cord?

    1. a) receptor
    2. b) motor neuron
    3. c) sensory neuron
    4. d) interneuron

  5. During depolarization, which ions rush into the neuron?

    1. a) sodium (Na⁺)
    2. b) chloride (Cl⁻)
    3. c) calcium (Ca²⁺)
    4. d) potassium (K⁺)

  6. Damage to the medulla oblongata would most likely affect:

    1. a) vision
    2. b) memory and reasoning
    3. c) breathing and heart rate
    4. d) balance and coordination

  7. Which hormone lowers blood glucose?

    1. a) glucagon
    2. b) insulin
    3. c) thyroxine
    4. d) adrenaline

  8. What does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?

    1. a) Decreases water reabsorption, so more urine is produced
    2. b) Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, so less urine is produced
    3. c) Raises blood glucose
    4. d) Speeds up the heart rate

  9. What does the sodium–potassium pump do?

    1. a) Moves neurotransmitter back into the axon
    2. b) Lets Na⁺ flow in passively during an action potential
    3. c) Uses ATP to move 2 Na⁺ out and 3 K⁺ in
    4. d) Uses ATP to move 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in

  10. A drug blocks cholinesterase at a synapse. What happens?

    1. a) Acetylcholine can no longer be released
    2. b) The axon loses its myelin sheath
    3. c) The next cell can no longer be stimulated
    4. d) Acetylcholine stays in the synapse and keeps stimulating the next cell

Answer key · Nervous and endocrine · Set B

Biology 30 · maddyhelps.com

  1. d) Neurotransmitter such as acetylcholine is released into the gap — Vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, where it binds to receptors on the next cell. The signal crosses chemically, not electrically.
  2. c) sympathetic nervous system — The sympathetic system speeds the heart and breathing for action. The parasympathetic system does the opposite — rest and digest.
  3. c) cerebellum — The cerebellum fine-tunes movement and posture. The cerebrum handles thinking and voluntary action; the medulla runs breathing and heart rate.
  4. d) interneuron — The path is receptor → sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → effector. The interneuron in the spinal cord is the shortcut that skips the brain.
  5. a) sodium (Na⁺) — Sodium channels open and Na⁺ floods in, making the inside positive. Repolarization is the next step, when K⁺ flows out.
  6. c) breathing and heart rate — The medulla oblongata, in the brainstem, controls automatic functions like breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. That is why brainstem injuries are so dangerous.
  7. b) insulin — Insulin tells cells to take up glucose and the liver to store it as glycogen. Glucagon does the reverse and raises blood glucose.
  8. b) Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, so less urine is produced — "Anti-diuretic" means against making urine. When you are dehydrated, ADH makes the kidneys hold on to water, giving small amounts of concentrated urine.
  9. d) Uses ATP to move 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in — The pump is active transport, so it needs ATP. Moving 3 positive ions out for every 2 in helps keep the inside negative at rest.
  10. d) Acetylcholine stays in the synapse and keeps stimulating the next cell — Cholinesterase normally breaks down acetylcholine to end the signal. Block it and the neurotransmitter lingers, so the muscle or neuron is stimulated over and over.