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Social Studies 30-1

Social Studies 30-1 · Worksheets

Resisting liberalism · Set B

Ten questions of mixed difficulty, covering RI 2: Resisting liberalism. Print it, or work through it on screen — the answer key starts on its own page.

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Resisting liberalism · Set B

Social Studies 30-1 · maddyhelps.com

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Circle the best answer for each question. Use the space to note the reasoning or the source detail that decided it.

  1. Marxism and conservatism oppose each other on almost everything. Why did both reject classical liberalism?

    1. a) Both supported revolution to change society quickly
    2. b) Both believed its focus on the individual damaged society, though they proposed very different remedies
    3. c) Both believed markets should be completely unregulated
    4. d) Both wanted to abolish private property

  2. Karl Marx believed history is driven by:

    1. a) free competition
    2. b) the will of great leaders
    3. c) religious tradition
    4. d) class struggle

  3. Workers forming labour unions in the 1800s were resisting classical liberalism by:

    1. a) competing individually for better jobs
    2. b) acting collectively to improve wages and conditions
    3. c) demanding lower taxes on factory owners
    4. d) calling for less government involvement

  4. John Maynard Keynes argued that during an economic depression, governments should:

    1. a) cut spending and let the market correct itself
    2. b) stop collecting taxes entirely
    3. c) increase spending, even if it means running a deficit
    4. d) take ownership of all businesses

  5. Thomas Hobbes argued that without a strong government, life would be:

    1. a) organized by the free market
    2. b) "nasty, brutish, and short"
    3. c) peaceful and cooperative
    4. d) governed by natural rights

  6. Which pairing of thinker and idea is correct?

    1. a) Marx — the invisible hand
    2. b) Mill — the harm principle
    3. c) Smith — class struggle
    4. d) Locke — separation of powers

  7. John Stuart Mill's harm principle says that:

    1. a) the majority may limit any freedom it dislikes
    2. b) people should be free to act as they wish unless they harm others
    3. c) only property owners should vote
    4. d) government should prevent people from harming themselves

  8. The Communist Manifesto (1848) called for:

    1. a) gradual reform through elected parliaments
    2. b) workers to overthrow capitalism and end private ownership of the means of production
    3. c) lower taxes and freer trade
    4. d) a return to rule by the aristocracy

  9. Montesquieu is best known for the idea of:

    1. a) the harm principle
    2. b) separation of powers
    3. c) the invisible hand
    4. d) class struggle

  10. Edmund Burke is most closely associated with:

    1. a) communism
    2. b) laissez-faire capitalism
    3. c) anarchism
    4. d) conservatism

Answer key · Resisting liberalism · Set B

Social Studies 30-1 · maddyhelps.com

  1. b) Both believed its focus on the individual damaged society, though they proposed very different remedies — Burke worried liberalism destroyed tradition and community; Marx argued it let owners exploit workers. Different diagnoses, same target: unchecked individualism.
  2. d) class struggle — Marx saw history as a conflict between classes — under capitalism, the bourgeoisie who own production against the proletariat who work for them.
  3. b) acting collectively to improve wages and conditions — Classical liberalism expected each worker to bargain alone. Unions replaced that with collective action — a collectivist response to individualist economics.
  4. c) increase spending, even if it means running a deficit — Keynes said a depression is a shortage of demand, so government spending should fill the gap and put people back to work. It broke with laissez-faire.
  5. b) "nasty, brutish, and short" — Hobbes, writing in Leviathan (1651), thought people would fight constantly without authority, so they should give up some freedom to a powerful sovereign. Locke was far more optimistic.
  6. b) Mill — the harm principle — Mill wrote the harm principle. Class struggle is Marx, separation of powers is Montesquieu, and the invisible hand is Smith.
  7. b) people should be free to act as they wish unless they harm others — Mill's On Liberty (1859) argued the only legitimate reason to limit someone's freedom is to prevent harm to others — not to protect them from themselves.
  8. b) workers to overthrow capitalism and end private ownership of the means of production — Marx and Engels argued that capitalism exploited workers and would be replaced by revolution, leading to collective ownership. That is a total rejection of liberal private property.
  9. b) separation of powers — Montesquieu argued that dividing power between legislative, executive and judicial branches stops any one group from becoming a tyrant.
  10. d) conservatism — Burke criticized the French Revolution for tearing down tradition too quickly. He argued for gradual change that respects inherited institutions.