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Science 10

Science 10 · Worksheets

Cumulative review

Ten questions of mixed difficulty, covering Atoms and the table, Cells, Energy and work, Heat and energy transfer. Print it, or work through it on screen — the answer key starts on its own page.

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Science 10 · maddyhelps.com

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Circle the best answer for each question. Show your work in the space provided.

  1. Heat is

    1. a) the transfer of thermal energy from hotter to colder
    2. b) only produced by fire
    3. c) the same as temperature
    4. d) a substance inside an object

  2. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy

    1. a) cannot be created or destroyed, only converted
    2. b) always increases
    3. c) can be destroyed by friction
    4. d) always decreases

  3. A machine does 600 J of work in 20 s. Its power is

    1. a) 30 W
    2. b) 12 000 W
    3. c) 620 W
    4. d) 0.03 W

  4. An efficiency above 100% is impossible because it would mean

    1. a) friction was removed
    2. b) heat was produced
    3. c) the machine is too fast
    4. d) more energy came out than went in, breaking conservation of energy

  5. Elements are arranged in the modern periodic table in order of increasing

    1. a) melting point
    2. b) atomic mass
    3. c) density
    4. d) atomic number

  6. A cell's surface area to volume ratio limits its size because

    1. a) the membrane gets thicker
    2. b) volume grows faster than surface area, so exchange cannot keep up
    3. c) large cells have no nucleus
    4. d) DNA runs out

  7. The energy needed to heat 2.0 kg of water by 10 °C, with c = 4200 J/(kg·°C), is

    1. a) 420 J
    2. b) 84 000 J
    3. c) 21 000 J
    4. d) 8400 J

  8. Conduction transfers energy by

    1. a) the movement of a fluid
    2. b) chemical change
    3. c) direct contact between particles
    4. d) electromagnetic waves

  9. A neutral atom has

    1. a) no neutrons
    2. b) no electrons
    3. c) equal numbers of protons and electrons
    4. d) more protons than electrons

  10. An atom's nucleus contains

    1. a) protons and neutrons
    2. b) only protons
    3. c) neutrons and electrons
    4. d) protons and electrons

Answer key · Cumulative review

Science 10 · maddyhelps.com

  1. a) the transfer of thermal energy from hotter to colder — An object does not contain heat; it contains thermal energy. Heat is that energy in transit, and it always flows from higher temperature to lower.
  2. a) cannot be created or destroyed, only converted — This is conservation of energy. Friction does not destroy energy — it converts organised motion into thermal energy, which is harder to use.
  3. a) 30 W — P = W/t = 600/20 = 30 W. Multiplying instead of dividing gives 12 000, which would be a very large power for a very small job — checking whether the number is plausible catches it.
  4. d) more energy came out than went in, breaking conservation of energy — Conservation of energy is not a design limit that better engineering could beat — it is an accounting identity. A device claiming over 100% is either measuring something wrong or omitting an input.
  5. d) atomic number — Mendeleev used atomic mass and had to reorder a few pairs to make the families work. Moseley later showed the correct ordering was by proton count, which fixed those exceptions.
  6. b) volume grows faster than surface area, so exchange cannot keep up — Doubling a cell's width gives four times the surface and eight times the volume. Beyond a certain size the membrane cannot supply the interior fast enough, so cells divide instead of growing.
  7. b) 84 000 J — Q = mcΔT = 2.0 × 4200 × 10 = 84 000 J. All three factors multiply, so dropping any one of them changes the answer by a large factor.
  8. c) direct contact between particles — Fast particles collide with slower neighbours and pass energy along. Metals do this well because their free electrons carry energy through the material quickly.
  9. c) equal numbers of protons and electrons — Protons are positive and electrons negative and of equal size, so equal numbers cancel. An imbalance produces an ion, and the size of the imbalance is the charge.
  10. a) protons and neutrons — Electrons occupy the space around the nucleus, not inside it. Nearly all of an atom's mass is in the nucleus, and nearly all of its volume is the empty space the electrons move through.